Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995
Women's swift incorporation into the labor market constitutes one of the most important research topics in light of the rapid social, economic and demographic changes undergone by Mexico over the past two decades. Among many other factors, various studies have argued the existence of a close li...
| Auteur principal: | |
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| Format: | Online |
| Langue: | espagnol |
| Éditeur: |
El Colegio de México A.C.
1999
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| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | https://estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx/index.php/edu/article/view/1048 |
| Institution: |
Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos |
| authentication_code | dc |
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| _version_ | 1843721967828467712 |
| author | Zenteno, René M. |
| author_facet | Zenteno, René M. |
| author_sort | Zenteno, René M. |
| category_str_mv |
"Bolivia", "hyperinflation", "economic crisis", "Bolivia", "hiperinflación", "crisis económica"
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| collection | OJS |
| description | Women's swift incorporation into the labor market constitutes one of the most important research topics in light of the rapid social, economic and demographic changes undergone by Mexico over the past two decades. Among many other factors, various studies have argued the existence of a close link between this process of social change in women, and the economic crisis faced by many Mexican families during the long period of productive re-structuring. The basis of this argument is largely derived from the quantification of a phenomenon that was unusual in Mexico before the 1980s: the growing economic participation of women of an advanced age, those with low schooling attainment, women who are either married or living with their partner, and finally, of women with small children. In other words, of social groups that had traditionally shown very little propensity towards working outside the home. This article constitutes a conjunctural study whose central aim was to conduct an empirical assessment of the relationship between economic crisis and this new profile of female labor. To do this, the determinants of the supply of female urban labor during the first few months of the most recent economic crisis were studied and compared with the prevailing situation exactly one year earlier. Data from the National Urban Employment Survey show that the real income of workers, open unemployment and the employment rates of men in salaried jobs were the urban employment conditions most severely affected by the recession. The multivariate analyses conducted yielded three significant results. First, that the impact of the crisis on the economic participation of men and women varied significantly between the country's major urban centers. Second, that with the exception of women with the lowest schooling attainment, it is possible to establish the existence of a close link between higher employment among older women in a union who live in households where there are children under the age of seven, and a situation of economic crisis. Third, that several of these changes did not only take place in labor markets where female economic participation rose during the period, but also in those where it remained stable or fell. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx:article-1048 |
| index_str_mv | CONAHCYT LATINDEX PKP Index DOAJ DORA Redalyc Scielo México CLASE Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) JSTOR Dialnet Sociological Abstracts EBSCO Host HAPI HELA Scopus Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory CIRC CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Google Scholar IBSS Biblat Current Abstracts Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek Frei zugängliche Emerging Sources Citation Index de Web of Science IBZ Gale OneFile: Informe Académico Journal Scholar Metrics (EC3 Research Group: Evaluación de la Ciencia y la Comunicación Científica. Universidad de Granada) Periodicals Index Online CARHUS Plus de la Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) CiteFactor Directory Indexing of International Research Journals IBR International Bibliography of Sociology Matriu d’Infomació per l’Avaluació de Revistas (MIAR) Open access digital library. Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries PAIS International Political Science Complete PubMed Social Services Abstracts SocINDEX SocINDEX with Full Text TOC Premier Europe PMC HEAL-Link Hellenic Academic Libraries Link MECS (México Ciencias Sociales) Population Index on the Web Population Information Online Portal de Periódicos de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/MEC) Portal de Periódicos da CAPES |
| journal | Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publisher | El Colegio de México A.C. |
| record_format | ojs |
| Terms_governing_use_and_reproduction_note | Derechos de autor 1999 Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| data_source_entry/ISSN | Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos; Vol. 14 No. 2 (1999): 41, May-August; 353-381 Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos; Vol. 14 Núm. 2 (1999): 41, mayo-agosto; 353-381 2448-6515 0186-7210 |
| spelling | oai:oai.estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx:article-10482024-07-05T00:55:07Z Economic Crisis and Determinants of the Female Labor Supply in Mexico: 1994-1995 Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 Zenteno, René M. mujeres México Women's swift incorporation into the labor market constitutes one of the most important research topics in light of the rapid social, economic and demographic changes undergone by Mexico over the past two decades. Among many other factors, various studies have argued the existence of a close link between this process of social change in women, and the economic crisis faced by many Mexican families during the long period of productive re-structuring. The basis of this argument is largely derived from the quantification of a phenomenon that was unusual in Mexico before the 1980s: the growing economic participation of women of an advanced age, those with low schooling attainment, women who are either married or living with their partner, and finally, of women with small children. In other words, of social groups that had traditionally shown very little propensity towards working outside the home. This article constitutes a conjunctural study whose central aim was to conduct an empirical assessment of the relationship between economic crisis and this new profile of female labor. To do this, the determinants of the supply of female urban labor during the first few months of the most recent economic crisis were studied and compared with the prevailing situation exactly one year earlier. Data from the National Urban Employment Survey show that the real income of workers, open unemployment and the employment rates of men in salaried jobs were the urban employment conditions most severely affected by the recession. The multivariate analyses conducted yielded three significant results. First, that the impact of the crisis on the economic participation of men and women varied significantly between the country's major urban centers. Second, that with the exception of women with the lowest schooling attainment, it is possible to establish the existence of a close link between higher employment among older women in a union who live in households where there are children under the age of seven, and a situation of economic crisis. Third, that several of these changes did not only take place in labor markets where female economic participation rose during the period, but also in those where it remained stable or fell. La rápida incorporación de la mujer al mercado de trabajo constituye uno de los temas de investigación de mayor relevancia a la luz de las rápidas transformaciones sociales, económicas y demográficas que ha experimentado México en las últimas dos décadas. Entre muchos otros factores, diversos estudios han argumentado sobre la existencia de una estrecha relación entre este proceso de cambio social de la mujer y la crisis económica que han enfrentado muchas familias mexicanas durante un largo periodo de reestructuración productiva. La base de este argumento deriva, en gran medida, de la cuantificación de un fenómeno poco común en México hasta antes de los años ochenta: una creciente participación económica de mujeres en edades adultas avanzadas, con bajo nivel educativo, casadas o en unión libre y, finalmente, de mujeres con hijos pequeños. Es decir, de grupos sociales que tradicionalmente habían manifestado una muy baja propensión a trabajar fuera del hogar. Este artículo constituye un estudio de coyuntura cuyo objetivo principal fue evaluar empíricamente la relación entre crisis económica y este nuevo perfil de mano de obra femenina. Para ello se estudiaron los determinantes de la oferta del empleo urbano femenino durante los primeros meses de la crisis económica más reciente, en contraste con la situación prevaleciente exactamente un año antes. Los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano muestran que el ingreso real de los trabajadores, el desempleo abierto y la tasa de ocupación de los hombres en el trabajo asalariado, fueron las condiciones del empleo urbano más afectadas por la recesión. Los análisis multivariados realizados permiten señalar tres resultados importantes. Primero, que los impactos de la crisis sobre la participación económica de hombres y mujeres variaron significativamente entre los centros urbanos más importantes del país. Segundo, que con la excepción de las mujeres con más baja educación, efectivamente es posible establecer la existencia de una estrecha relación entre la mayor ocupación de mujeres de mayor edad, unidas, y que residen en hogares donde cohabitan niños menores de siete años, con una situación de crisis económica. Tercero, que varios de estos cambios sucedieron no únicamente en mercados laborales donde la participación económica femenina aumentó durante el periodo, sino también en aquéllos en que ésta se mantuvo estable o disminuyó. El Colegio de México A.C. 1999-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Research Article Artículo de investigación evaluado por pares application/pdf https://estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx/index.php/edu/article/view/1048 10.24201/edu.v14i2.1048 Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos; Vol. 14 No. 2 (1999): 41, May-August; 353-381 Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos; Vol. 14 Núm. 2 (1999): 41, mayo-agosto; 353-381 2448-6515 0186-7210 spa https://estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx/index.php/edu/article/view/1048/1041 Derechos de autor 1999 Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | mujeres México Zenteno, René M. Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title | Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title_alt | Economic Crisis and Determinants of the Female Labor Supply in Mexico: 1994-1995 |
| title_full | Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title_fullStr | Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title_short | Crisis económica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en México : 1994-1995 |
| title_sort | crisis economica y determinantes de la oferta de trabajo femenino en mexico 1994 1995 |
| topic | mujeres México |
| topic_facet | mujeres México |
| url | https://estudiosdemograficosyurbanos.colmex.mx/index.php/edu/article/view/1048 |
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