| Résumé: | This article analyses the government of President Gaafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry (1969-1985) in the Republic of Sudan, taking into account the evolution of armed conflicts in the country as well as peace initiatives launched during this period. From a historical point of view, it examines the success of the May Revolution and the grea expectations it created within and outside of the country, as well as the different phases of Nimeiry’s leadership and his transformation from socialist to Islamic leader. The article emphasizes the consequences of this transformation and the subsequent fiasco of decentralization, resulting in a scenario of conflict, especially in the south of the country
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