| Summary: | The Chinese world expanded beyond its imperial borders thanks to the development of a port area with a different social dynamic than what was found in the provinces in the empire’s interior. Networks of merchants, migrants, and pirates, along with agents defending the imperial interests and its ideas, were in constant movement throughout Southeast Asia and much of the Pacific region. In the Philippines, this situation allowed Spanish Catholic missionar- ies to work with Chinese or Sangleys before entering China. What did this situation represent for the China Mission? What kind of missionary dynamics developed between the Chinese or the Sangleys? Can we talk about a Sangley Mission?
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