“Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787
Since the end of the 16th Century, different primary sources have recorded the presence of groups known as Apaches throughout the northern border region of New Spain. As Spanish settlements advanced north in the 17th Century, and as these indigenous groups were displaced to the south, violent confro...
| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Online |
| Idioma: | espanhol |
| Editor: |
El Colegio de México, A.C.
2020
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| Acesso em linha: | https://historiamexicana.colmex.mx/index.php/RHM/article/view/4018 |
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Historia Mexicana |
| authentication_code | dc |
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| _version_ | 1844255869532897280 |
| author | Torre Curiel, José Refugio de la Pérez González, Isabel |
| author_facet | Torre Curiel, José Refugio de la Pérez González, Isabel |
| author_sort | Torre Curiel, José Refugio de la |
| category_str_mv |
"Bolivia", "hyperinflation", "economic crisis", "Bolivia", "hiperinflación", "crisis económica"
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| collection | OJS |
| description | Since the end of the 16th Century, different primary sources have recorded the presence of groups known as Apaches throughout the northern border region of New Spain. As Spanish settlements advanced north in the 17th Century, and as these indigenous groups were displaced to the south, violent confrontations between the two became recurrent. The classic studies on this subject, produced by American and Spanish authors, have shown that the Spanish Crown erratically oscillated between policies of war and negotiation as a response to the Apache threat, and that the critical point in terms of the definition of a firm policy regarding these indigenous groups came in 1786, under Viceroy Bernardo de Gálvez. This article argues that the fluctuation between war (offensive or defensive) and peace treaties (through gifts and the settlement of Apaches near forts) not only obeyed changes in Spanish diplomatic policy at a higher level, but also arose from the distance that separated high-ranking military commanders from the lived experiences of both Apaches and Spaniards at the local level. The case of the failed attempt to negotiate peace with the Mescaleros of New Biscay in 1787 reveals the way in which fissures in the Spanish chain of command and the cultural distance between the Apaches and the military hierarchy made it difficult to build lasting peace at the end of the 18th Century. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.historiamexicana.colmex.mx:article-4018 |
| index_str_mv | CONAHCYT LATINDEX PKP Index DOAJ DORA Redalyc Scielo México CLASE Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) JSTOR Sociological Abstracts EBSCO Host HAPI HELA Scopus Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory CIRC CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Google Scholar Historical Abstracts IBSS MLA Biblat Current Abstracts Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek Frei zugängliche ERIH PLUS IBZ Gale OneFile: Informe Académico Journal Scholar Metrics (EC3 Research Group: Evaluación de la Ciencia y la Comunicación Científica. Universidad de Granada) Periodicals Index Online America History and Life Global Issues in Context IBR Index Islamicus InfoTracCustom International Bibliography of Sociology Political Science Complete PubMed Social Services Abstracts SocINDEX SocINDEX with Full Text TOC Premier Anthropological Index Online Arts and Humanities Citation Index Chicano Periodical Index Current Contents CWTS Journal Indicators e-Revistas Humanities International Complete Humanities International Index Humanities Source PERIODICA Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies SCImago Journal & Country Rank |
| journal | Historia Mexicana |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | El Colegio de México, A.C. |
| record_format | ojs |
| Terms_governing_use_and_reproduction_note | Derechos de autor 2019 Historia Mexicana |
| data_source_entry/ISSN | Historia Mexicana; Vol. 69, Núm. 3 (275) enero-marzo 2020; 1023-1089 2448-6531 0185-0172 |
| spelling | oai:oai.historiamexicana.colmex.mx:article-40182023-09-30T04:46:03Z “We Haven’t Kept Our Word”: Peace Negotiations Between Apaches and Spaniards in New Biscay, 1787 “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 Torre Curiel, José Refugio de la Pérez González, Isabel Nueva Vizcaya border defense interethnic conflict peace diplomacy 18th Century colonial Nueva Vizcaya defensa fronteriza conflicto interétnico diplomacia de la paz siglo XVIII colonia Since the end of the 16th Century, different primary sources have recorded the presence of groups known as Apaches throughout the northern border region of New Spain. As Spanish settlements advanced north in the 17th Century, and as these indigenous groups were displaced to the south, violent confrontations between the two became recurrent. The classic studies on this subject, produced by American and Spanish authors, have shown that the Spanish Crown erratically oscillated between policies of war and negotiation as a response to the Apache threat, and that the critical point in terms of the definition of a firm policy regarding these indigenous groups came in 1786, under Viceroy Bernardo de Gálvez. This article argues that the fluctuation between war (offensive or defensive) and peace treaties (through gifts and the settlement of Apaches near forts) not only obeyed changes in Spanish diplomatic policy at a higher level, but also arose from the distance that separated high-ranking military commanders from the lived experiences of both Apaches and Spaniards at the local level. The case of the failed attempt to negotiate peace with the Mescaleros of New Biscay in 1787 reveals the way in which fissures in the Spanish chain of command and the cultural distance between the Apaches and the military hierarchy made it difficult to build lasting peace at the end of the 18th Century. Desde fines del siglo XVI, distintas fuentes de primera mano registraron la presencia de grupos identificados como apaches a lo largo de la frontera norte novohispana. Conforme el poblamiento español avanzó hacia el norte en el siglo XVII y conforme estos grupos clasificados como apaches fueron desplazados hacia el sur, las confrontaciones violentas entre ambos bandos se hicieron recurrentes. Los estudios clásicos sobre estos temas, producidos por autores estadounidenses y españoles, han mostrado que la corona española transitó de manera errática entre las políticas de guerra y negociación para hacer frente a la amenaza apache, y que el punto crítico en la definición de una política firme con respecto de estos grupos indígenas se daría hacia 1786, en la época del virrey Bernardo de Gálvez. Como argumenta este artículo, las mudanzas entre la guerra (ofensiva o defensiva) y los tratados de paz (mediante regalos y el establecimiento de apaches cerca de los presidios) no solamente obedecieron a los cambios en la diplomacia española a gran escala, sino que también estuvieron relacionadas con la distancia que separaba a los altos mandos militares de las experiencias que apaches y españoles vivían en el ámbito local. El caso del fallido intento de pactar la paz con los mezcaleros en 1787 en la Nueva Vizcaya muestra la forma en que las fisuras en las líneas de mando españolas, y la distancia cultural entre los apaches y la jerarquía militar, dificultaron la construcción de una paz duradera entre ambosbandos a fines del siglo XVIII. El Colegio de México, A.C. 2020-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://historiamexicana.colmex.mx/index.php/RHM/article/view/4018 10.24201/hm.v69i3.4018 Historia Mexicana; Vol. 69, Núm. 3 (275) enero-marzo 2020; 1023-1089 2448-6531 0185-0172 spa https://historiamexicana.colmex.mx/index.php/RHM/article/view/4018/4000 https://historiamexicana.colmex.mx/index.php/RHM/article/view/4018/4008 Derechos de autor 2019 Historia Mexicana |
| spellingShingle | Nueva Vizcaya border defense interethnic conflict peace diplomacy 18th Century colonial Nueva Vizcaya defensa fronteriza conflicto interétnico diplomacia de la paz siglo XVIII colonia Torre Curiel, José Refugio de la Pérez González, Isabel “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title | “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title_alt | “We Haven’t Kept Our Word”: Peace Negotiations Between Apaches and Spaniards in New Biscay, 1787 |
| title_full | “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title_fullStr | “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title_full_unstemmed | “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title_short | “Nada les hemos cumplido”: negociaciones de paz entre apaches y españoles en la Nueva Vizcaya en 1787 |
| title_sort | nada les hemos cumplido negociaciones de paz entre apaches y espanoles en la nueva vizcaya en 1787 |
| topic | Nueva Vizcaya border defense interethnic conflict peace diplomacy 18th Century colonial Nueva Vizcaya defensa fronteriza conflicto interétnico diplomacia de la paz siglo XVIII colonia |
| topic_facet | Nueva Vizcaya border defense interethnic conflict peace diplomacy 18th Century colonial Nueva Vizcaya defensa fronteriza conflicto interétnico diplomacia de la paz siglo XVIII colonia |
| url | https://historiamexicana.colmex.mx/index.php/RHM/article/view/4018 |
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