| 總結: | This article contrasts two historical experiences derived from the crisis of the Hispanic world in the spring of 1808: the liberal revolution in Spain and the insurgent movement in New Spain. These reactions, which were in many ways opposed, nevertheless have many points of contact and are less linear and univocal than the mainstream historiography has represented them. This article shows the political-ideological complexity of both processes, as well as the vacillations of their leaders. It also enters into a debate with various contemporary authors who, in their desire to make these historical processes understandable, have ignored or simplified the ambiguities that characterize them. Finally, the article refers to the place of both historical processes in the so-called Age of Revolution, which is directly related to their aforementioned complexity and ambiguity.
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