| 總結: | The scope of the noncompliance movements that emerged in the Indies during the second half of the 16th century has been minimized. While the treason of Martín Cortés, the marquis of the valley of Oaxaca and the legitimate son of Hernán Cortés, is an emblematic case, it is just one example in a long series of particularly vivid events from the 1540s to the end of that century and beyond. The pacification of the Indies has a stronger presence in the memory of visitors and viceroys than it does in the streets of American cities and in the lands of the Indies, and the land is precisely where the Spaniards of the Indies found new acceptance. They were the new natives in whom the epoch's infinite legal documentation revealed the emergence of an early creole political consciousness. The multiple forms of noncompliance with the Castilian royal authorities that constitute this process are the object of study in this article, inspired in the author's new book, La trahison de Cortés. Désobéissances, procès politiques et gouvernement.
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