| 總結: | This study analyzes the territoriality of payments for environmental services (PES) in an indigenous reserve in Costa Rica, focusing on access to nature, conservation costs, and local autonomy. It examines the relationship between PES and the state's territorial project, as well as its impact on indigenous territorialities. The reserve, which was bounded in the 1970s, reflects the evolving relationship between the state and indigenous communities. From the perspectives of neoliberal conservation and the anthropology of the state, it is argued that PES funds have enabled state authorities to involve indigenous leaders in forest management practices aligned with state interests, although sometimes in tension with traditional forest uses.
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