| Résumé: | The departing point of this article is the hypothesis that the problem of the State was displaced in social sciences to give place to topics related to the democratic transition processes (Lechner, 1995). Our aim is to qualify this statement by showing that the State is part of the discussion about democracy in at least two ways: 1) as part of current debates about the political situation, in the form of a critic from socialism to populism; 2) through an exercise of conceptual review in which socialism starts to think about the State as a privileged place for the exercise of democratic politics. We analyze the State as problem, as obstacle and as battlefield for democracy in the heat of debates among left wing intellectuals (both Socialists and Peronists). In order to do that, we focus on a specific corpus that encompasses the articles published in the journals Controversias para el examen de la realidad argentina (Mexico, 1979-1981) y La ciudad futura (Argentina, 1986-1998).
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