| Summary: | This research analyzes the evolution and territorial distribution of energy poverty in Mexico between 2012 and 2024 using a multidimensional approach based on Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) microdata and household-level measurement with expansion factors, later aggregated to the state scale. The results show a decline in energy poverty from 36.7 % to 17.55 % of households, yet regional disparities persist, with higher levels in southern states and in localities with fewer than 2500 inhabitants, regardless of climate. Incorporating thermal comfort reveals specific vulnerabilities in warm-climate areas, underscoring the need for differentiated public policies that account for biogeographic and demographic characteristics.
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