| Résumé: | The Ecuadorian Amazon is one of the richest biotic areas on earth, with a plurality of indigenous populations. This study seeks to acknowledge the situation of these populations, by analyzing their trends over time through a longitudinal study of the demographic and socioeconomic situation in the first decade of the 21st century. It observes a young population with high fertility, as well as slight decreases in traditional livelihood activities and improved access to services, fostered by greater contact with external actors, such as oil companies, settlers and the government, which at the same time create a socio-environmental complexity that constitutes a challenge now and in the future for the exercise of the rights of indigenous people.
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