| Summary: | The period of study reveals a climate of crises, paradoxes and confrontation, in a context that saw the origin of new social movements. This period began with the first coup d’état, which destroyed the formal constitutional order and led to the collapse of the liberal agro-export project, together with the restoration of nationalistic conservatism. In the demographic sphere, these dizzying political and economic changes were accompanied by the interruption of several trends: there was a visible decrease in fertility, European migratory rates became negative, internal migration increased and marriages began to occur between members of the first generation of Argentineans. In the population sphere, the patrician political elite displayed a traditional view of woman’s role, together with a racist attitude towards migratory flows. This study explores the state’s function as a receptor of the ideas, demands and pressures expressed by the various social sectors. The author examines the problems and solutions put to the state by industrialists, the military, workers, and public health professions regarding demographic variables, the formulas the state provided to meet these demands and their relations and discourses within the context of the intense debates on population at the time. The analysis reveals a state that was constantly questioned, located at the center of social discussions and capable of formulating a type of interventionism whose main target would be the popular sectors.
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