| Resumo: | The main aim of this article is to promote a political and normative project for the international establishment of sexual rights as human rights.Due to the social organization of sex and gender in contemporary societies, we believe that there is an urgent demand to design and establish norms to protect sexual difference and encourage the affirmation of sexual diversity. On the one hand, we identify the need for negative sexual rights capable of protecting the sexual integrity of historically marginalized individuals and groups that have become the target of heterosexist violence. On the other hand, we explain the need to promote positive sexual rights that affirm sexual diversity and encourage pleasurable sex lives.We hold that the justification and acceptance of negative sexual rights merely requires a politics and ethics of tolerance. Conversely, positive sexual rights demand a different political and ethical paradigm, based on recognition. The political project of positive sexual rights ultimately seeks to destroy male hegemony over the practice and discourse of sexuality and to remove heterosexuality from the center. Despite the limits of social movements based on sexual identity, we believe that they have had a profound social and cultural impact, which is why we argue that negative sexual rights are now an extremely feasible project. Moreover, we develop the idea that the possibility of undertaking a project of positive sexual rights is based on the creative combination of two forces. The first is the emancipatory forces of social movements based on sexual identity that have permitted the continuous questioning of the current social organization of sexuality. The second is the profound transformations of social theory and philosophy that enable us to conceive of and experience sexuality (and its identities) in a nonexistentialist, decentered, relational, interactive and fluid manner. In the end, we believe that this opens up the possibility of destabilizing the effects that power relations have on sex, sexuality and sexual identity.
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