| Summary: | The beginning of the 21st century has witnessed a reformulation of the historical debate on ethics and demography, since individual rights have been given priority over the public good and a set of new elements, particularly sexuality, have been included in this debate. This change is intrinsically linked to the emergence and impact of social movements-initiatives related to HIV-AIDS promoted by feminist, gay and lesbian organizations that are globally linked and capable of disseminating a public discourse on sexuality within the sphere of both national and international policies. Despite the success achieved in dealing with the issues of sexuality and HIV aids in the framework of human rights, the conception of ethical issues related to demographic change and sexuality has not been fully completed. This article deals with the conceptual aspects and preliminary conclusions of a research project through a study and comparative analysis of countries regarding the emergence of a public dialog on gender, sexual orientation, HIV-AIDS and other key issues in the field of population studies.
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