| Résumé: | This work seeks to reveal the aim of those participating in the River Plate independence movement, and how they legitimated the establishment of local governments. The author explains how political legitimacy was based on the doctrine of “retro version of sovereignty to the people”, and on the principle of consent, core of the contractual conceptions typical of natural law, and how this sovereignty was assumed by the viceroyalty's “principal cities”, since there didn't exist then “a” people, but fourteen “American peoples”. He also explains how in its origins the “May Revolution” was not an independence movement, nor a result of a previous plan, but an audacious decision of the “American Spaniards” —supported by some peninsular Spaniards— to take control of the events produced by the monarchical crisis.
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