| Summary: | The article examines the formation of Pakistan, an independent country whose creation was the culmination of the "two-nation theory", which posited Islam and Hinduism as antagonistic social orders unable to coexist within the same state. This Islamic nationalism, rooted since the second half of the 19th century, emerged in the context of British colonial modernization and its disproportionate impact on Muslim elites. The research delves into the "original sins" of this Islamic nationalism as well as its impact on the consolidation of Pakistan's national identity and its internal political stability until 2011. To this end, the study is based on a comprehensive historical analysis, reviewing from the origins of nationalism and the partition of India to crucial crises such as the secession of Bangladesh in 1971 and the subsequent political and religious dynamics.
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